1920s American Identity - As Seen by Fitzgerald and Hemingway

F. Scott Fitzgerald and Ernest Hemingway were notcharacteristic of The Diamond as Big as the Ritz is
only best friends, bitter rivals, and fellow members ofthe same thing that makes Hemingway's 1927 classic
the Lost Generation literary movement, they alsoAmerican crime story The Killers tick. The story
helped redefine American identity in a post-world-warstarts with two badly dressed men named Max and
world. Rather than simply construct a new sense ofAl entering a restaurant and attempting to order
nationalism, however, they actively dissected anddinner. Since it isn't six o'clock yet, however, they're
deflated American archetypes such as the self-maderestricted to lunch menu items only. They bicker with
man and the hardened gangster. And what betterthe manager for a few pages, harass the patrons,
time to question people's sense of reality than in theand then lead everyone to the back room and take
1920s, when everyone was simultaneously depressedover the restaurant for about two hours. Turns out
about WWI, filthy rich from the stock market, andthey're both hitmen on the mission to kill some
illegally drunk for an entire decade?boxer, who presumably didn't cooperate in a rigged
Published in 1922, just after the postwar recessionfight. Yes, this sounds remarkably like the plot of Pulp
ended, Fitzgerald's "The Diamond as Big as the Ritz"Fiction.
is a sharp criticism of the lavish 1920s lifestyleThe totally surreal mood of the story comes not
Fitzgerald would later become all too acquainted with.only from the fact that Max and Al are two trained
John Unger, a boarding school kid, is spending thekillers who spend the first quarter of the story
summer at his friend Percy Washington's estate inarguing over ginger ale and egg salad sandwiches, but
the middle of nowhere, Montana. More specifically, it'salso from the strange setup of the restaurant itself.
located "where the United States ends" - figurativelyThe clock, for example, is said to be twenty minutes
speaking, anyway, as the US government has nofast - and since Hemingway doesn't always specify
knowledge of its existence. (And since the chateauwhether times mentioned are restaurant time or real
sits on a flawless diamond the size of a smalltime, both the readers and the killers are equally
mountain, the Washington family intends to keep itdisoriented by it. (Not to mention, the only thing
that way.)more surreal than an incorrect clock is a melting one.)
The family's opulence is "beyond human wish, orWeirder still is the fact that Max spends his whole
dream," and John is so overwhelmed that he canevening sitting directly facing the manager, but
barely stay conscious. The fact that the estate isconducts all their conversations via the mirror behind
named "El Dorado" after a mythical Amazonian city ofthe counter. If that isn't reality in reverse, consider
gold not only heightens the undiscoverable unrealitythe fact that Max gets so bored waiting to make his
of the place, but also hints at the Spanishkill that he actually drops the ol,' see any good
conquistadors' exploitative pursuit of riches; creepily,movies lately? What's more, when Nick, one of the
the Washingtons house some 250 slaves, whom theyrestaurant patrons, finally tracks down the boxer to
have tricked into believing that the North lost the Civilwarn him about the assassins, the guy can't be
War. This universe is so tightly controlled, in fact, thatbothered to defend himself. So much for fighting
when a landscaper, gardener, architect, designer, andspirit. Or the glorification the American gangster, for
poet try to "agree upon the location of a fountain"that matter.
together, they lose their minds and are all sent to anBy juxtaposing wild situations with totally apathetic
asylum.characters, Fitzgerald and Hemingway create
What really makes the situation absurd, however, isscenarios that feel impossible but are all too real;
not its otherworldliness, but the fact that everyonewhat sticks in the readers' throats is not that crimes
living there is so blasé about it. The familyare committed, but that they're committed by totally
considers some of their nicest things "old junk."ordinary characters. The zillionaires are accustomed to
Jasmine is so spoiled that she pushed her fathertheir family routines. The hitmen don't want cold
down the stairs as a child and no one batted an eye.sandwiches for dinner. Under any other
The men try to keep killing outsiders to a minimumcircumstances, these behaviors wouldn't give us a
because it "upsets" the women. Mr. Washingtonmoment's pause, but against the backdrop of murder
refers to the incident where he murdered his ownand destruction, it hits uncomfortably close to home.
brother as "unfortunate." Captured soldiers are keptThere's a reason we like our movie villains with
imprisoned on the grounds because it's the practicaleyepatches and evil cackles, or dissect our serial
thing to do. The list goes on.killers hoping to find brain deformations: the last thing
The complete emotional compartmentalizationwe want to see in these situations is ourselves.