Nicaragua: The Tobacco-Producing Country That Endures

gar smokers, Nicaragua is already legendary. ThroughAugusto Sandino led an effort to expel them, which
regime change, social upheaval, and revolution, thiswas partially successful; but Anastasio Somoza
Latin American nation has produced some of theGarcia, a conservative, later secretly ordered his
world's finest tobacco. And since the post-1959 "cigarassassination, putting an end to a brief left-and-right
diaspora"—when many of Cuba's great cigarcoalition government. The Somozas ruled until 1979,
makers fled the country to seek more propitiouswhen a party named after that dead
conditions than those they expected to find underguerilla—the FSLN, or Sandinista
Castro—it's produced many of the world'sparty—ousted them from power. The wheel
finest cigars, too.turns again. And again: during the '80s, the country
Since 1959, Nicaragua has been a cigar powerhouse,was torn apart by war between the right-wing,
producing some of the highest-ranked and best-sellingUS-backed Contras and the left-wing, ruling
premium cigars in the world: CAO, Perdomo, Padron,Sandinistas (who, on the good side, reduced the
Don Pepin Garcia and Drew Estate among manycountry's widespread illiteracy by a stunning forty
others. It competes even with the wares of thepercent within five months, but on the bad side,
Dominican Republic and Cuba, currently the cigarcommitted human rights violations during the civil
world's reigning superpowers. But there's a lot morewar).
to this country than just great smokes: from theThe Sandinistas, incidentally, almost destroyed the
marvelous ancient footprints of Acahualinca to thecountry's preeminence among cigar-tobacco growers.
fact that it was the first Latin American nation toIn trying to put the desperately-poor, and politically
elect a woman President, Nicaragua has a historyencircled, nation on a more secure economic footing,
worth knowing about—and one that maythe Sandinistas ordered tobacco farmers to switch to
impact its future as a cigar lover's capital.cultivating cigarette tobacco. (This was before the
Roughly the size of New York, the country is rich in"cigar boom" of the 1990s; many observers
natural resources—so much so that nearlyexpected the market for cigars to continue to
twenty percent of its territory is taken up by one ordwindle.) Wherever a person may come down
another officially-designated nature preserve.politically, cigar smokers can agree that this was a
Predictably, this fertile and beautiful country has beenmistake!
the subject of frequent political power struggles: firstBoth sides in the nation's long culture war were
between the various Spanish Conquistadores and theheavily hit in 1998 by Hurricane Mitch, one of many
indigenous population, which has had a presence innatural disasters to wreak havoc on this beleaguered
the area for at least six thousand years and wascountry. After decades of civil war had handicapped
nearly wiped out by 1529. Nicaragua was laterits economy and wrecked much of its infrastructure,
annexed by the Mexican Empire, finally achievingthis cataclysmic hurricane did away with nearly
independence in 1838; since then, rival conservativeseventy percent of the infrastructure still standing at
and liberal factions have fought each other forthe time.
control of the country's destiny. There was civil warUnder the circumstances, it's amazing that Nicaragua
during the 1840s and '50s, during which an Americancontinues to enjoy the regional importance that it
pretender, William Walker, briefly declared himself thedoes—but sometimes amazing things happen.
country's leader after double-crossing the LiberalsNicaragua makes three hundred million in exports
who had recruited him to fight in the war. (Severalevery year (mostly agricultural), boasts one of the
Latin American countries' armies united to chase himbest-regarded rums in Latin America (Flor de Cana),
out of the country the following year, in 1856.)enjoys a flourishing tourism industry and, of course,
This pattern—conservative-vs.-liberal infighting,makes some truly heavenly tobacco. Though it's
with occasional interference from the nearest worldconsidered a developing nation, it did recently earn a
power—continued through the twentiethranking from the World Bank as the sixty-second
century. A US-backed Conservative regime ruled forbest place to start a new business—the
decades early in the century, with Marines occupyinghighest-performing Central American country in this
the country from 1912 to 1933. Left-wing guerillaparticular ranking, except for Panama.