| "> | | | | declared legal and the "Marxist Education" has |
| Different from the People's Republic of China and the | | | | received emphasis in the schools, Institutes, |
| Socialist Republic of Vietnam, Vilma Espin Guilloys is | | | | academies and universities. |
| the only Cuban woman that has participated in | | | | Ms Espin has carried out major diplomatic missions on |
| government affairs in Cuba. She has been described | | | | behalf of the Cuban dictatorship. She was selected |
| as the most powerful woman in the Cuban | | | | by Soviet World to become anti-American activist in |
| Revolution. Little information has been published in the | | | | the United Nations World Conferences on Women ( |
| international press about her life. Early reports | | | | Mexico-75, Denmark-80 and Kenya-85).After Cuban |
| indicated that her health has declined since 2000. | | | | government broke off diplomatic relations with Chile, |
| She was member of the Cuban aristocratic in the | | | | Vilma Espin became an outspoken critic of Chilean |
| 1940s and 1950s. Her father was vice-director of the | | | | dictator Augusto Pinochet Ugarte. Certainly, she won |
| Bacardi Run Company. She speaks Spanish and English | | | | popularity in the Socialist Universe. From 1960 to |
| very well. Her mother's French ancestry. Vilma enjoy | | | | 1990, she went to the USSR, East Germany, Bulgaria, |
| reading and watching sports. Like member of Castro's | | | | Hungary, Czechoslovakia and other nations. As First |
| family, she lives in luxurious residences. She is famous | | | | Lady of the Cuban revolution, she established good |
| because is wife of Raul Castro, brother of Fidel | | | | relations with the Third World states. |
| Alejandro Castro Ruz. Currently Raul Castro is acting | | | | In 1976, she introduced "The Family Code", a project |
| president of Cuba. Furthermore, he is first | | | | about the social equality between men and women in |
| Vice-President of the Council of State, Vice-President | | | | the Island. Ironically, internationals reports which Cuba |
| of the Council of Ministers, Vice-Secretary of the | | | | has the lowest proportion of ministers and |
| Politburu and the Central Committee of Communist | | | | congresswoman in its government, exceeded by |
| Party of Cuba. | | | | Liberia, Seychelles and Mozambique. |
| After completing her education as chemical | | | | She is an outspoken critic of capitalist society, but |
| engineering in her country, she went to the United | | | | the prostitution is growing in the Island. For many |
| States to attend at the Massachusetts Institute of | | | | opportunities, Cuba has been compared to Thailand. |
| Technology, one of the best engineering schools in | | | | the prostitution contributes more income to Cuba's |
| the United States. During the civil war she returned | | | | economy. |
| to La Havana. Vilma had known Raul Castro when | | | | Vilma Espin de Castro has been called "the facto First |
| she was leader of the Cuban Women's Movement. In | | | | Lady of Cuban revolution because she is not Fidel's |
| 1959, guerrilla forces captured Havana city, the | | | | wife. Certainly, Dalia Soto del Valle is the real First |
| Cuba's capital. Batista regime was deposed by Fidel | | | | lady of the Cuban Revolution because she is married |
| Castro. | | | | with Fidel Alejandro Castro Ruz since the 1980s. |
| During the Cold War, Fidel Alejandro Ruz is as | | | | REFERENCES: |
| dictatorial as his predecessor. The country's politics is | | | | -Bourne, Peter. Fidel: A Biography of Fidel Castro, |
| gradually dominated by Castro Ruz family. The new | | | | Dodd Mcad, New York, 1986. |
| dictator maintained control over the population | | | | -García, Magali. "Recorre Consuelo |
| thought his secret police organization. Castro regime | | | | Gonzáles de Velasco, en |
| became notorious for human rights violation and | | | | compañía del Comandante Fidel Castro, |
| anti-American politics. Since 1961, the Island emerged | | | | la Escuela Secundaria Básica en el campo |
| as the first Socialist State in Latin America. After | | | | Batalla del Jique de La Habana, Granma, La habana, 25 |
| Vilma Espin made herself President of the Cuban | | | | de febrero de 1973 |
| Women's Federation (FMC) and she assumed full | | | | -Gasparini, Juan. Mujeres de Dictadores, Ediciones |
| control of the Cuban woman. | | | | Península, Barcelona, 2002 |
| Like Maria Lucia Hiriart de Pinochet (former First Lady | | | | -Granma. Discurso de Vilma Espín : A las |
| of Chile: 1973-1990), Alicia Raquel Hartridge de Videla | | | | mujeres chilenas, hermanas de lucha en la causa |
| (ex- First Lady of Argentina: 1976-1981) and Imelda | | | | antiimperialista, les reiteramos desde este combativo |
| Remedios Visitacion Romualdez Marcos (ex- First | | | | acto de solidaridad firme e inquebrantable de las |
| Lady of Philippines: 1965-1986), Vilma Espin | | | | mujeres cubanas, La Habana, 17 de septiembre de |
| cooperated with one of the six worst dictatorships in | | | | 1973 |
| the World. After Cuba became Socialist Republic, | | | | -----------"23 de Agosto, 17° Aniversario de la |
| Soviet Bloc economic and military aid to Revolution | | | | Federación de Mujeres Cubanas", La Habana, |
| Cuba's increased. Ms. Espin immediately began a | | | | 4 de septiembre de 1977 |
| number of reforms, including human development | | | | -----------"Intervención de Vilma Espín, |
| programs and sporting projects. She built many | | | | Presidenta de la Federación de Mujeres |
| schools, hospitals, museums, libraries, and stadiums. | | | | Cubanas", La Habana, 23 de septiembre de 1976 |
| But she support human rights abuses by national | | | | -Grogg, Patricia. "Debora", Cuba Internacional, La |
| government. | | | | Habana, diciembre de 1988 |
| During the 1960s and 1970s Cuban intellectuals, as | | | | -Guevara Onofre, Alejandro. Historia de la Mujer de |
| Lezama Lima, Heberto Padilla, Guillermo Cabrera | | | | los Estados Unidos, Cecosami, Lima, 2002 |
| Infante, and Reynaldo arenas, called for more | | | | -Informe sobre Desarrollo Humano 1995: |
| freedom of expression and many women renewed | | | | Género y Desarrollo Humano, PNUD, Nueva |
| their efforts to gain recognition for human rights. | | | | York, 1995 |
| Certainly, strict control of the lives of the families | | | | -Rodríguez Calderón, Mirta. |
| emerged. Under her leadership, the abortion was | | | | |