William Faulkner's "Barn Burning" - Honoring Family Or Honoring Self

William Faulkner is remembered for his many fictionalat his core and demands a response. Sarty knows his
short stories and essays. One of his best known, andfather is wrong, but he also feels intense sorrow
most beloved, is an account entitled "Barn Burning," aover the inevitable choice that he must make; this is
coming of age narrative set in the aftermath of thethe source of his grief.
war torn South. Here a young protagonist, namedSuch a young boy, faced with such a difficult
Colonel Sartoris Snopes, is pitted against hissituation can not help but feel a sense fear. In fact,
antagonist father, Abner. Named for a fictional CivilSarty is described as being full of "fear" (178) and
War hero, Colonel Snopes, or Sarty as he called, is a"terror" (182). Faulkner tells us that Sarty's
ten-year-old little boy born into a poor sharecropperyouthfulness, coupled with his fathers brutality,
family headed by a ruthless, vindictive, and angrycreates a longing to be "free" (182) while
man. Faulkner describes Sarty physically as a youngsimultaneously generating "enough weight to keep
boy, small for his age, wiry, wearing patched andhim rooted in his place"(182). "Fear," the Bible asserts
faded jeans too small for him, with no shoes on his"hath torment" and Sarty is without a doubt a
feet. He has brown, uncombed hair, grey eyes, and istormented soul. That is, until they come to Major De
"wild as a storm scud" (179). Emotionally Sarty is aSpain's and Sarty sees his home: "at that instant he
despairing, grief-stricken, and fearful young man whoforgot his father and the terror and despair both"
learns how to overcome these limitations to make(182). And this sets the stage for our hero to shine.
the biggest decision of his life and, in the process,In this visit Sarty comes to understand that it is
becomes a man.possible to break free from his father's influence. To
Faulkner does a masterful job of giving the reader anhim, the house looks like a "Courthouse" (182) which
undeniable sense of Sarty's despair. At the Harris trial,is a symbol of civic justice and is no doubt the
while waiting to be called as a witness, Faulknerimpression given to the young man because of his
states that the boy is filled with a mixture ofinner desire to have his father brought to account for
emotion but "mostly of despair" (178). The cause ofhis deeds. He knows his father's crimes can't go on.
this despondency is two fold; he is expected to lie,This visit marks the turning point in his mentality, the
and to adopt his father's enemies as his own. Thepoint where the ten-year-old child decides to become
pressure to lie is exerted by his father. Sarty thinksa man.
to himself: "he aims for me to lie... with that franticIt seems that Faulkner wants us to see through the
grief and despair. And I will have to do hit" (179). It ischild's eyes the fact that each of us must choose
quite evident that Sarty was no stranger to hisour own path, that life is a series of decisions that
father's demand for unity, and yet it is equallystart early in our childhood and define who we will be
evident that he feels a great degree of despairlater in life. We control our course, not the blood of
bullying The enemies are a different matter. This isancestry, not familial relation, and we can change our
self imposed despondency. In his adolescent mind hedirection if we will stay true to our convictions and
can reach no other conclusion than that his father'schoose to do good as apposed to doing evil.
enemies must be his own. He sees his father'sSarty makes his choice; he will be true to himself. As
"enemy" and muses "in that despair" that they arehe races down the dirt road leading to the De Spain's
"ourn! mine and hisn both! He's my father" (179). Thehouse, Sarty can feel his blood racing and his heart
despair comes from his sensation that he must hatethrobbing yet his blood is not holding him back as he
those his father hates.had supposed, but rather it is urging him on;
This hopelessness gives way to yet another emotionovercoming the despair, bypassing his fear, and
still more bitter, that of grief. While the words despairignoring his grief; he is now, for all intents and
and grief have similar connotations it appears evidentpurposes, a man. His childhood is just as dead as his
that Faulkner viewed them as distinctly separatefather appears to be; his future just as dark and
characteristics of this young man. Faulkner repeatedlyuncertain as the night sky and dark forest that he
states that Sarty is filled with "grief and despair"(179)walks into, just as uncertain as adult life really is. The
both. Despair refers to the hopelessness Sarty feels,story ends with the dawning of a new day;
while grief is referring to the intense sorry over thesymbolically representing the new lease on life this
choice that he must make. Sarty understands theyoung protagonist has gained. The old familiar feelings
morality of issues. Though hampered by hisof "despair" and "grief" (191) are still present but the
surroundings, he nonetheless has an internal principle"terror and fear" (191) are now gone. No future
of moral decency. A war in his mind rages betweendecision in life can ever be so hard; no other night
his loyalty to blood and that of his civic responsibility.can ever be as dark, because he is now the master
It is said to be like "being pulled two ways... betweenof his own destiny.
two teams of horses" (186). This pulling shakes him